Mount Sinai has been found: 20 years of Biblical Archaeology in the desert of Exodus. The real Mount Sinai has been found by Prof. Emmanuel Anati at Har Karkom.
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Emmanuel Anati:
Gordon Franz:

Groups of homo sapiens crossed this region from Africa to the Near East for over 40,000 years


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Mount Sinai has been found.
 



BEER KARKOM SITES 700-799

BK/700

Coordinates: 124.3/978.3 Description: 3 round dwelling units each 10 m. in diameter. Site typology:

BK/700b

Coordinates: 124,100 / 978,00 Description: Paved platform (diameter m 2.5) on the top of a hill. Finds: No material culture found. Site typology: Platform.

BK/701

Coordinates: 124.5/977.8 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing in the bed of the wadi and an encampment. Periods MC: RBY?.

BK/701b

Coordinates: 124,330 / 977,910 Description: Encampment remains and heaps of stones. Finds: No material culture found. Site typology: Encampment, heaps of stones.

BK/702

Coordinates: 124.7/977.6 Description: On the southeast bank of the wadi, remains of an encampment with 4 oval dwelling units and a stone enclosure. On the southwest bank an irregular structure that was perhaps used as a pen. Periods MC: RBY, ISL. Site typology:

BK/703

Coordinates: 124.5/977.7 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing. Site typology:

BK/704

Coordinates: 124.4/977.4 Description: Remains of a wall in the bed of the river perhaps functioned as a dike. 2 oval stone dwelling units. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/705

Coordinates: 124.7/977.3 Description: Terraced fields in the bed of the wadi, remains of a nomadic encampment. A rectangular stone structure. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/706

Coordinates: 124.9/977.3 Description: On the hilltop, remains of an encampment (PAL?). Vestiges of a pond evidenced by a sunken area with a sandy bottom measuring 30x15 m. into which flow some dry rivulets.

BK/707

Coordinates: 124.5/977.1 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/708

Coordinates: 124.8/977.1 Description: Agricultural terracing in the bed of the wadi and along the northwest bank a circle of stones. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/709

Coordinates: 124.9/976.8 Description: Courtyard structure (BAC). Periods MC: BAC.

BK/710

Coordinates: 125.3/977.6 Description: Remains of a bivouac. Periods MC: ISL?.

BK/711

Coordinates: 125.5/978.4 Description: On a pentagon-shaped plateau, stones have been removed from the surface leaving cleared strips from each angle. The maximum length of the pentagon is about 160 m. and on 4 of angles there are dwelling structures (PAL?).

BK/712

Coordinates: 125.2/979.2 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing.

BK/713a

Coordinates: 125.8/979.8 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing 240 m. along the wadi.

BK/713 b

Coordinates: 125.8/979.7 Description: Several heaps of stones. Finds: Pottery (BYZ), Flint (MP), (UP). Periods MC: BYZ, MP, UP.

BK/714

Coordinates: 125.9/979.9 Description: Along a trail there are remains of a nomadic encampment. Agricultural terracing. Finds: Pottery (ISL). Periods MC: ISL.

BK/715a

Coordinates: 126.4/979.3 Description: Some heaps of stones and small standing stones scattered around.

BK/715b

Coordinates: 126.4/979.4 Description: 2 small tumuli and a group of small standing stones erect in a circle.

BK/715 c

Coordinates: 126.3/979.6 Description: Group of 8 standing stones arranged in a circle , some broken and concave on top, all oriented toward the valley.

BK/715 d

Coordinates: 126.2/979.5 Description: Group of 4 small standing stones, fallen and broken.

BK/716

Coordinates: 126.4/978.9 Description: On the top of the highground remains of hut floors. Periods MC: PAL?.

BK/717

Coordinates: 126.4/978.9 Description: On the top of the highground, remains of 3 hut floors (PAL). Periods MC: PAL.

BK/718

Coordinates: 126.2/978.8 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing in the bed of the wadi. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/719

Coordinates: 126.3/978.6 Description: Remains of a rectangular stone enclosure beside an oval structure. The rectangular structure contains 4 heaps of stone.

BK/720

Coordinates: 126.4/978.5 Description: Alignments of stone and 7 small piles of stone forming a semicircle. In the bed of a contiguous wadi, remains of agricultural terracing.

BK/721

Coordinates: 126.6/978.5 Description: Remains of round dwelling structures and agricultural terracing.

BK/722

Coordinates: 126.6/978.4 Description: Remains of a stone structure on the north edge of the wadi.

BK/723

Coordinates: 126.7/978.4 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing.

BK/724

Coordinates: 126.6/978.2 Description: On the top of the highground, remains of 6 dwelling units (PAL) aligned east-west. Periods MC: PAL?

BK/725

Coordinates: 126.8/978.1 Description: Remains of at least 4 round stone structures.

BK/726

Coordinates: 126.6/977.4 Description: Aligned stones forming a sort of zigzag. The length of each segment varies between 12 and 18 m., total length is 35 m.

BK/727

Coordinates: 126.2/976.4 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing and of a nomadic encampment. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/728

Coordinates: 127.5/976.4 Description: Remains of 2 small round stone structures along the side of the lateral wadi.

BK/729

Coordinates: 127.8/976.8 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing . Some of the small walls have been repaired recently. Periods MC: RBY, ISL.

BK/730

Coordinates: 127.7/977.7 Description: Remains of hut floors (PAL) on the north side of the trail. Periods MC: PAL.

BK/731

Coordinates: 127.5/978.3 Description: Remains of hut floors (PAL) on the east side of the trail. Periods MC: PAL.

BK/732

Coordinates: 127.7/978.7 Description: A row of small rock shelters along the side of the mountain with a beaten path leading to 1 of them.

BK/733

Coordinates: 127.3/979.2 Description: A stone enclosure in proximity of small rock shelters.

BK/734

Coordinates: 127.4/979.4 Description: Several small rock shelters and a path leading to them.

BK/735

Coordinates: 127.6/979.2 Description: Small rock shelter, the largest has earth in front of it, perhaps it was cleaned.

BK/736

Coordinates: 127.7/979.4 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment and a stone enclosure.

BK/737

Coordinates: 127.9/977.3 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment and a stone enclosure.

BK/738

Coordinates: 128.2/979.2 Description: Agricultural terracing in the bed of the wadi.

BK/739

Coordinates: 128.4/978.9 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment.

BK/740

Coordinates: 128.2/978.8 Description: Agricultural terracing in the bed of the wadi. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/741

Coordinates: 128.6/977.9 Description: Remains of a series of small walls, may be vestiges of aligned structures. South, at least 4 smaller structures. In the proximity of these structures are several small rock shelters and the remains of a pen constructed with large fallen boulders and additional walls. Periods MC: RBY. BK/742 Coordinates: 128.6/977.7 Description: Agricultural terracing. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/743

Coordinates: 128.2/977.6 Description: Agricultural terracing. Periods MC: RBY.

BK/744

Coordinates: 128.6/976.6 Description: Traces of excavation and several piles of stone, perhaps a Bedouin cemetery. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/745

Coordinates: 128.4/976.5 Description: Agricultural terracing.

BK/746

Coordinates: 129.7/977.3 Description: 2 heaps of stone and several others along the trail.

BK/747

Coordinates: 129.5/977.7 Description: Alignments of stone at the foot of a landslide and a nomadic encampment. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/748

Coordinates: 129.6/977.9 Description: Heaps of stone and remains of a nomadic encampment. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/749

Coordinates: 129.5/978.7 Description: Circular structure in close proximity to stone heaps.

BK/750

Coordinates: 129.2/978.5 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/751

Coordinates: 120.7/976.8 Description: Remains of 6 circular dwelling units along a lateral wadi.

BK/752

Coordinates: 121.3/977.6 Description: A pastoral station with few bases of structures and the use of several caves. Further North another circular structure. Further up in the wadi an agricultural terracing. The site seems likely to be originally BAC. It has been reused in RBY and ISL. Finds: BAC flints, Islamic pottery. Periods MC: BAC, RBY, ISL.

BK/753

Coordinates: 120.7/978.9 Description: Agricultural terracing and remains of a nomadic encampment ( ISL). Periods MC: ISL.

BK/754

Coordinates: 120.4/979.8 Description: Remains of 3 stone circular dwelling units and other smaller adjacent structures of Roman-Byzantine period. Nearby remains of Bedouins Camp (Islamic). Periods MC: RBY, ISL.

BK/755

Coordinates: 121.5/979.9 Description: Agricultural terracing and remains of a stone oval structure.

BK/756

Coordinates: 121.6/979.3 Description: Agricultural terracing.

BK/757

Coordinates: 122.0/979.2 Description: Agricultural terracing and the remains of a nomadic encampment.

BK/758

Coordinates: 122.0/979.8 Description: Agricultural terracing. Nomadic encampment (ISL). Some burials under heaps of stones. Periods MC: ISL.

BK/759

Coordinates: 122.6/979.4 Description: Agricultural terracing and the remains of a nomadic encampment. Several walls look older. No material culture found in complex. Periods MC: No MC found in complex.

BK/760

Coordinates: 122.8/978.8 Description: Agricultural terracing.

BK/761

Coordinates: 122.9/978.8 Description: Agricultural terracing.

BK/761b

Coordinates: 123,60 / 979,30 Description: Three tumuli and one paved platform. Finds: No material culture found. Site typology: Tumuli, platform.

BK/762

Coordinates: 122.5/977.8 Description: Courtyard structure (BAC). Periods MC: BAC?.

BK/763ab

Coordinates: 122.6/977.7 Description: Remains of an oval structure and agricultural terracing.

BK/764

Coordinates: 122.8/977.8 Description: Hut floors (PAL) on a hill.

BK/765ab

Coordinates: 123.3/979.4 Description: Agricultural terracing on 2 small areas of the wadi and remains of a nomadic encampment.

BK/766

Coordinates: 120.3/979.8 Description: Small shrine with 3 orthostats: were found oblique, now redressed.

BK/767

Coordinates: 120.3/979.6 Description: Small Byzantine settlement with enclosures for animals and 5 living structures.

BK/768

Coordinates: 120.2/979.6 Description: Enclosure for animals and basement of habitation structure on terrace of a small wadi.

BK/769

Coordinates: 120.1/979.8 Description: 2 small shrines. Finds: Chalcolithic fan scrapers. Periods MC: BAC. Site typology: Shrine.

BK/770ab

Coordinates: 128.6/978.3 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing on 2 small sections of the wadi.

BK/771

Coordinates: 128.8/978.9 Description: Circular stone enclosure.

BK/772

Coordinates: 121.9/976.4 Description: Pebble drawing in which black and white stones were used. 1 drawing about 5 m. long has a larger center stone which has zoomorphical facial features. The second consists of 2 converging lines of black stones.

BK/773

Coordinates: 122.2/976.7 Description: Several heaps of stones on a pass. At least 2 standing stones now lying prone.

BK/774

Coordinates: 122.1/976.8 Description: Several tumuli on the slope of a hill, 1 much larger than the others with a standing stone on top and several encompassing it (fallen in situ). Periods MC: RBY.

BK/775

Coordinates: 122.4/976.6 Description: 2 stones; 1 standing; 1 horizontal (as a table). Behind, an anthropomorphic stone and an oval structure (2 m. x 3 m.).

BK/775b

Coordinates: 122.4/976.4 Description: Remains of a nomadic camp. Finds: No material culture.

BK/776a

Coordinates: 122.5/976.6 Description: Agricultural terracing; the basement of a rectangular structure, connected to a circular one. 2 tumuli and several heaps of stones. On the northern slope, a small altar constructed with standing stones; nearby an anthropomorphic rock, an oval area consisting of 2 semicircles. Behind the altar, a small hollow stone was found which was removed for analysis (flint cult evidence). The site is likely to belong to RBY and has been reused in Islamic times. Finds: Pottery (ISL). Periods MC: ISL. Site typology:

BK/776b

Coordinates: 122.4/976.8 Description: Heaps of stones and 2 standing stones. Probably a burial place.

BK/777

Coordinates: 124.8/976.0 Description: At the confluence of the Wadi Bereka and Wadi Karkom there is a graveyard on a terrace between the 2 wadis. Finds: Pottery (ISL), Flint (MP). Periods MC: ISL, MP.

BK/778

Coordinates: 128.1/977.0 Description: Several heaps of stones and 2 groups of standing, flat pillars on top of the hill overlooking the entire area.

BK/779

Coordinates: 128.3/976.9 Description: 3 standing stones on top of tumuli. A large tumulus with flat stones on top which may have been standing. Around are several heaps of stones.

BK/780

Coordinates: 129.7/975.8 Description: Heaps of stones, perhaps a Bedouin cemetery.

BK/781

Coordinates: 129.5/971.3 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment, 1 tumulus on top of a hill.

BK/782

Coordinates: 124.7/974.1 Description: Remains of a nomadic encampment. Finds: Pottery (ISL). Periods MC: ISL.

BK/783

Coordinates: 125.3/973.7 Description: Remains of agricultural terracing (relatively small).

BK/784

Coordinates: 125.3/973.4 Description: Group of small standing stones and anthropomorphic stones, intentionally arranged.

BK/785

Coordinates: 125.6/972.5 Description: Several tumuli of stones. Finds: Chopper (UP), Flint (MP), (UP) Periods MC: UP, MP.

BK/786

Coordinates: 125.3/971.8 Finds: Sporadic flints (MP). Periods MC: MP.

BK/787

Coordinates: 125.3/971.8 Description: ISL rock shelter with stone-built walls. Finds: Pottery (ISL). Periods MC: ISL.

BK/788

Coordinates: 124.4/972.3 Description: Natural rock shelter built into the ground and built closing walls. Adjacent storage room or animal pen.

BK/789

Coordinates: 124.2/979.9 Description: Natural rock shelter with remains of stone-built walls. Finds: Pottery (BYZ), (ISL); Flint (UP). Periods MC: RBY, ISL, UP.

BK/790

Coordinates: 126.0/979.6 Description: A large tumulus surrounded by small tumuli with traces of fire. This site is located at the foot of the valley and it is possible to see the standing stones at the top of the surrounding hill ( perhaps Nabatean?) Finds: Pottery (RBY), (IA); Flint (UP-retouched).

BK/791

Coordinates: 125.8/979.6 Description: Alignments of stones indicating an oval structure. Finds: Pottery (BYZ: some pieces without decoration, perhaps Nabatean). Periods MC: RBY.
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Fig. 158a/b. Rock engraving called 'the eye that watches from the rock.' A large eye has seven lines arrayed from the bottom and seven from the top. (Site HK 36b; photo EA98: LVIII-5; drawing: HK Archive; WARA W06016, W06017).


Cover | Mount Sinai | Sanctuaries | Hypothesis | Exegesis | Testimony | Landscape | Discoveries | Rock Art | History | Conclusions | HK Survey | HK Periods | HK Rock Art | HK Corpus 1-99 | 100-199 | 200-299 | 300-399 | BK Corpus 100-399 | 400-499 | 500-599 | 600-699 | 700-799 | 800-899 | Glossary | Acknowledgements | Emmanuel Anati | Bibliography | Edizioni | CCSP | Images | Links


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